Disciples The author of James was not one of the Twelve ___ (Mk 3:16-19; Lk 6:16, Ac 1:13; cf. Mk 15:40). Before the Resurrection (1 Cor 15:7), he was not even a believer (Jn 7:5).
Jesus The author of James was the (half) brother of ____ (Jn 7:5; Gal 1:19, 2:9), and the full brother of ___ (Jude 1).
Slave Though he was a prominent leader in the early church in Jerusalem (Ac 15:19-20; Gal 2:9), James describes himself as a lowly ___ of God (Jas 1:1; cf. Gal 1:10).
Lord James confesses that Jesus is ___ (Jas 1:1; Rom 10:9; Php 2:11).
Christ James confesses that Jesus is the ____ (i.e., the Messiah, the “Anointed One”, Promised Deliverer of Israel) (Jas 1:1).
Twelve The ___ tribes originally referred to the ___ tribes of Israel (Gen 35:22-26; cf. Ex 1:1-5; 1 Ch 1:2-12). Under Christ the King, and led by the ___ disciples (Mt 19:28; Rev 21:12-14), the Church is the true Israel (Rom 4:16-17; Gal 3:7; 1 Pet 2:9).
Scattered Because they sinned against the LORD (2 Ki 17:7) and did not listen to His prophets (2 Ki 17:13-14; Jer 18:12), the LORD ____ the Israelites into exile (Dt 4:27; 2 Ki 17:5f.; Jer 19:1-11) in Assyria (2 Ki 17:5-6) and Babylon (Jer 29:10). The Dispersion likely refers to Jewish Christians who have been persecuted and ___ throughout the Roman empire (Ac 8:1-4; 11:19), as well as Gentile Christians who are exiles in this wicked world (1 Pet 1:1-2, 17, 2:11; cf. Php 3:18-20).
Joy Though James and his audience have both suffered for the Savior, they are to still have ___ (Jas 1:-4).
Bibliography
Adamson, James B. The Epistle of James. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976.
Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, Walter Bauer, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Balz, Horst Robert, and Gerhard Schneider. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990–.
Blomberg, Craig L., and Mariam J. Kamell. James. Vol. 16. Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008.
Carson, D. A. “James.” In Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament, 997–1012. Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, UK: Baker Academic; Apollos, 2007.
Davids, Peter H. The Epistle of James: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1982. [Davids, N]
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Johnson, Luke Timothy. The Letter of James: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Vol. 37A. Anchor Yale Bible. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008.
Keener, Craig S. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament. Second Edition. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic: An Imprint of InterVarsity Press, 2014.
Loh, I-Jin, and Howard Hatton. A Handbook on the Letter from James. UBS Handbook Series. New York: United Bible Societies, 1997.
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Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Albert Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1996.
Martin, Ralph P. James. Vol. 48. Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1988.
McCartney, Dan G. James. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009.
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Motyer, J. A. The Message of James: The Tests of Faith. The Bible Speaks Today. Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1985.
Moo, Douglas J. James: An Introduction and Commentary. Edited by Eckhard J. Schnabel. Second edition. Vol. 16. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press, 2015.
Moo, Douglas J. The Letter of James. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2000.
Nystrom, David P. James. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1997.
Osborne, Grant R. “James.” In Cornerstone Biblical Commentary: James, 1–2 Peter, Jude, Revelation, edited by Philip W. Comfort. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2011.
Richardson, Kurt A. James. Vol. 36. The New American Commentary. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1997.
Silva, Moisés, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2014.
Stulac, George M. James. The IVP New Testament Commentary Series. Westmont, IL: IVP Academic, 1993.
Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.
